ERIC KRAUSE

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BACKGROUND GENEALOGY

NIKOLAEV - GERMAN OCCUPATION

[Other spellings Nikolaiev, Nikolayev, Mykolaiv, and on the estuary of Yuzhny Bug River, about 40 miles (65 km) from the Black Sea.
- http://ukrainetrek.com/nikolaev-city ]

http://mapsof.net/ukraine/static-maps/png/gubernia-de-nikolaev--imperio-ruso

SOUTHERN UKRAINE

1918

• March 17, 1918 (March 4, 1918 old style) The Germans take Nikolayev.

  • http://www.emersonkent.com/history/timelines/russian_civil_war_timeline_1918.htm
     

• Soviet power was established in Nikolaev on Jan. 14(27), 1918. From Mar. 17, 1918, the city was occupied by Austrian and German troops, and from December 1918, by Anglo-French interventionist forces. On Aug. 17, 1919, it was occupied by the White Guards. On Jan. 31, 1920, it was finally liberated by the Red Army.

  • http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Nikolaev

• By 18 February 1918, the Russians had evacuated the last zone occupied by them in Eastern Galicia (Western Ukraine), which was immediately reoccupied by the Austrians. There began on the same day a rapid movement by the Germans eastward along the railway lines. The southern wing (Lisingen) went via Rovno/Rivne and Zhitomir, such that, by the end of February, it was before Kiev, which was occupied on 3rd March. The Germans then occupied Odessa on the 13th, Nikolaev/Mykolaiv on the 17th and Khar'kov/Kharkiv on 8 April 1918 ...

  27th Jäger Battalion: Subordinate to the 16th Infantry Brigade of the 30th Infantry Division on 28 February 1918. It was in Nikolaev/Mykolaiv on 1st June (in Odessa, according to other sources) with the German 212th Infantry Division of the 17th Army Corps. It was subordinate on 15th June to the 60th Brigade of the 30th Infantry Division; on 30th August with the German 42nd Infantry Division in Nikolaev, directly subordinate to the Ostarmee. Under the 2nd Cavalry Division on 15th October ...

  • http://membres.multimania.fr/dgrecu/AUtxt.html

• March 3-May 1, 1918

  • German Ukrainian Offensive To clear the Bolsheviks out of the Ukraine, the Germans and Austrians dispatched an expeditionary force into the Ukraine. They seized Kiev on March 3rd, Odessa on March 13th, Nicolaiev on March 17th, Kharkov and Rostov on April 8th, and invaded the Crimea, capturing Sevastopol on May 1st. The Ukraine became a critical granary for the Central Powers, which faced severe food shortages due to the Allied blockade ...

    • http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1918.htm
       

• March, 1918

  After the French units arrived [1918-1919], the 15th German division moved to Nikolaïeff and the idle time proved damaging to some Germans who were influenced by the Reds. Its officers, lacking in all authority, failed to control some men. The Germans delayed sending delegates to Kharkov, to negotiate with the commissioner of Moscow. Vice-Admiral Hopman (the former commander of the German fleet of the Black Sea), was sent to delay the implementation of armistice in South Russia, and to apprise the French authorities of the state of affairs and to await instructions. Fortunately, General d'Anselme received information on the arrival of a couple of battalions from the 7th Greek Regiment hurried from Salonica. Destined for Nikolaïeff, Anselme invited Admiral Hopman to prepare for the relief of German soldiers according to the armistice. Hopman, dragged his feet about this, allowing his men to be disruptive to its implementation. Nearby, there was close danger from an attack by red forces. Gregorieff , controlled Red forces near Ekaterinoslav and threatened Nikolaïeff and Kherson. The Reds entered Kiev and advanced towards Kharkov opposed by White Forces near the Sea of Azov. His military equipment came from the older Austrian-Hungarian stockpiles, they were no substitute for German soldiers.

  Petlioura, another Red leader, penetrated into Odessa on Dec.10 1918, but his force of 1.500  volunteers were afraid to march on the harbor  defended  by French seamen and 300 Poles.  By December 18, the battalions the French 156th division (Général Borius) took possession of the city. The French chased the Reds hundreds of kilometres to the north of the city and north-easterly to Nikolaïev. Despite the French presence, much civil unrest continued with 100,000 armed civil workers on strike in Odessa, and  the 40.000 blue-collar workers in Nikolaïev, who were provoked by the Germans; the 20.000 blue-collar workers of Kherson received their orders from  Grégorieff, all of them were pro-bolshevik. The French had stepped into a hornet’s nest and by April 1919, they would leave the Ukraine to the Reds.

  • http://hubpages.com/hub/German-and-French-Military-Forces-in-the-Ukraine-1918# - German and French Military Forces in the Ukraine, 1918

• The defeat of Germany had also opened the Black Sea to the Allies, and in mid-December 1918 some mixed forces under French command were landed at Odessa and Sevastopol, and in the next months at Kherson and Nikolayev ...

  • http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/romeo/russia1918.htm

1919

• On 2 March 1919.... Some hoped that the Germans might return from Nikolaev where the last remaining detachment was waiting to leave for home ....
  • L.Klippenstein, THE SELBSTSCHUTZ: A MENNONITE ARMY IN UKRAINE 1918-1919 - http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_Gum/Pni/2007/07lktvao.pdf
     
• At Nikolaev [in 1919] there was a German garrison of approximately twelve thousand, but they were of doubtful value to the Allied cause. French officers suspected the Germans of sympathy for the local Bolsheviks in Nikolaev ... it was clear that the Germans had no desire to join the Allies in a crusade against Bolshevism ...
  • http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_0008-0160_1981_num_22_1_1903 - J. Kim Munholland, "The French Army and Intervention in Southern Russia, 1918-1919, " Cahiers du monde russe et Soviétique, Volume 22, 1981, pp. 43-66 - p. 51