REPORT 2000 - 140

THE KING'S HOSPITAL - A STRUCTURAL HISTORY
OF LOUISBOURG'S BLOCK 13 ROYAL HOSPITAL
1713 - 1960

BY

ERIC KRAUSE

KRAUSE HOUSE INFO-RESEARCH SOLUTIONS

AUGUST 21, 2000

(Fortress of Louisbourg Report 
RA983.L4K72000 [2000-140])

NARRATIVE REPORT

A CHRONOLOGY OF BUILT AND PROPOSED FEATURES

PART ONE

A CHRONOLOGY OF BUILT AND PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION EVENTS (1713 - 1960)

1713 - 1744

On March 4-5, a King's Ordonnance declared that a hospital - to be operated by the Brothers of Charity [but owned by the King] - was to be established opposite the Grand Étang, [within Block 13], and that 6,000 livres of start-up money (with another 6,000 livres pledged for next year) was to be set aside from the fortification funds to meet that purpose.⁽¹⁾ Upon his return from France, Chief Engineer Verville [fortification contractor Isabeau (1719-1724 - died after November 1724) was actually tasked with the work] had laid a part of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east portion of the] main [hospital] building's masonry foundations [in lime mortar], and placed two medals (one of silver, one of copper) in one of its angles.⁽²⁾ When work that year stopped, a part of the [masonry] wall was declared raised, and the plan was to continue the project the following spring.⁽³⁾

In March, the Council in France declared that the construction of the hospital Royal de la Charité was to take precedence over that of the Block 3 Church [which subsequently was never built].⁽⁴⁾ Apparently by March, and certainly sometime that year, an east portion, consisting of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion and a portion of the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] ward had been sufficiently completed for occupation by the Brothers of Charity.⁽⁵⁾ Maps 1725-8, 1725-8a, 1726-1, and 1726-1a illustrates the completed interior layout - ground floor Brother's [Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion residence, [Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion sacristy, [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel, and a portion of the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] ward - (with a temporary wall closing off to the west the completed portion of the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] ward), as well as the exterior features of this portion of the building, with the 1726 plans here assumed to be the more accurate

By this year as well, there had been built a charpente (1/2 timber) outbuilding - with open walls and a roof - housing a small oven.⁽⁶⁾ No doubt it was the feature shown on Map 1722-1, located in the inner courtyard immediately to the north of the north wall of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion.

Map 1722-1 illustrated the Isle de l'hospital Royal de la Charité with the following measurements:

(1) 40 toises (240 pieds) along Rue Royalle and Rue d'Orléans

(2) 29 toises 1 pied (175 pieds) along Rue d'Estrées and Rue Dauphine.

Maps 1726-1 and 1726-1 revealed that the completed L-shaped portion of the Brother's residence/Royal Hospital measured c. 63 pieds along Rue d'Estrées by c. 63 pieds along Rue d'Orléans. Left to be built was another c. 177 pieds along Rue d'Orléans and c. 63 pieds along Rue Dauphine. No other activity was illustrated within the block.

Plans of 1723 did not illustrate any further construction projects within the block, and for a second year, the Brothers continued to occupy the existing hospital Royal.⁽⁷⁾ Their presumed oven was once again illustrated, on Map 1723-1, in the inner courtyard immediately to the north of the north wall of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion.

In the King's storehouse this year were found some [iron] stoves with their pipes for heating the [wards], and some ward beds, as well as some items from the chapel of the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] lhopital du Roy, included some bells (weighing 147 livres) and some serge for separating the chapel from the [adjoining] ward.⁽⁸⁾ Possibly too, from time to time, brick stoves - which were commonly used at Louisbourg, and were certainly assembled in the post siege period for use within the hospital - may have supplemented iron stoves during any emergency. ⁽⁹⁾

By year's end (early November), a project of continuation, to lengthen the existing [Rue d'Orléans] hospital, had resulted in excavation and masonry work that included the [property's] perimeter fence, the founding of the [Rue d'Orléans west portion of] the exterior walls of the hospital - with at least a part of this work [towards the west] raised 4 pieds above [the foundation of the] ground floor - and the [Rue Royalle east pavilion serving as a] wash-house's well.⁽¹⁰⁾ Apparently too, it was this year that the excavations for the foundations of the [Rue Royalle east pavilion serving as a] bakery [and wash-house] was also completed as was that for the [Rue Royalle west pavilion serving as a] storehouse/stables/menagerie. The foundations of the Rue d'Estrées wash-house of the [Rue Royalle east] pavilion housing the bakery/wash-house were also partially raised this year.⁽¹¹⁾

Map 1724-2 clearly confirmed that extending the hospital (including its [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion) westerly along Rue d'Orléans and down Rue Dauphine to its final position had now taken place. It suggested as well that for the Rue d'Estrées/Rue Dauphine/Rue Royalle perimeter property fences work was also underway. However, it did not illustrate any work on the two [Rue Royalle east and west] pavilions or any other interior Block 13 developments.

In contrast, maps 1725-8 and 1725-8a apparently confirms several 1724 text assertions:

(1) The defined [Rue Royalle/Rue d'Estrées east] wash-house and [Rue Royalle] bakery pavilion

(2) The excavated [Rue Royalle/Rue Dauphine west] stables of the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the then proposed stables/wood-shed

Of interest, maps 1725-8 and 1725-8a also describe what was to exist to the west of the existing structure: Sick wards (two on the ground floor and two (suggested) - above); the Brothers' ground floor and first storey lodgings, basement kitchen with a dépense (storeroom) and ground floor dining room; as well as ground floor latrines, mortuary with its chapel, apothecary, apothecary's chemistry [storeroom], and guard room. As for the two pavilions, both were described together, as serving as a stables, wood-shed, oven and wash-house. Presumedly, all three structures would employ a braced king post and purlin roof system.

This year 10,000 livres was designated for the current project, and although orders were given that, next spring, the construction of the King's Bastion barracks was to take precedence over all others, this hospital money was not to be diverted to any other work. At season's end, according to a second toisé accounting of November 10, 4,430 livres had been consumed - 230 livres on earth [removal or the like] and 4,200 livres on [lime-mortared] masonry work - leaving 5,570 livres to be carried forward.⁽¹²⁾ Accordingly, De Mézy, the Commissaire-Ordonnateur, requested that 20,000 livres be committed to the [1725] hospital construction season.⁽¹³⁾

Between 1721 and 1724, Isabeau, the fortification contractor, asked for approximately 21,273 livres for work on the l'hôpital Royal de la charité, covering the following categories:⁽¹⁴⁾

(Note: The proposed re-construction date is 1744-1745. Only the more useful dimensions and quantities - of which some were averaged - have been extracted - Please consult the transcribed "Toisé provisionnel" and the "Toisé general et difinitif" for complete details)

(1) Excavations @ 10 livres per cubic toise (c. 850 livres charge) ⁽¹⁵⁾

(a) Of the right-angled basement of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion and portion of [Rue d'Orléans east hospital large] ward (25 pieds wide x 2 pieds 6 pouces deep)

(b) For the foundations of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion (3 pieds wide x 2 pieds deep)

(c) For the foundations of a portion of the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital large ward] of the main building (3 pieds wide)

(d) For the foundations of the stables (3 pieds wide x 2 pieds deep) of the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie

(e) For the foundations of the bakery (3 pieds wide x 2 pieds deep) of the [Rue Royalle east] pavilion housing the bakery/wash-house

(f) For the foundations of the [block's perimeter property] fences (3 pieds wide x 2 pieds deep)

(g) Of the well of the [Rue Royalle/Rue d'Estrées east] pavilion housing the wash-house (12 pieds x 12 pieds x 7 pieds deep)

(h) Of the [western] continuation of the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] large ward of the main building (24 pieds wide x 1 pieds 2 pouces deep)

(2) Rough Rubble Stone Masonry Laid in Lime Mortar @ 140 livres per cubic toise (c. 11,200 livres charge)⁽¹⁶⁾

(a) For the foundation of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion aisle and a portion of the [Rue d'Orléans east] main [hospital] building (2 pieds 6 pouces thick x 2 pieds 6 pouces high)

(b) For the wall of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east main hospital building] to roof eave level (2 pieds thick x 19 pieds 6 pouces high)

(c) For the body (8 pieds long x 5 pieds wide x 7 pieds high), fireplace(s) to the second floor mantle (7 pieds of length x 4 pieds wide x 11 pieds high) and [stack] (5 pieds long x 3 pieds wide x 8 pieds high) of one [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion] chimney to [roof level]

(d) For the body, oven (8 pieds long x 8 pieds wide x 9 pieds high), and chimney stack (3 pieds 6 pouces long x 3 pieds wide x 8 pieds high) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion small [inner courtyard] oven to [roof] level

(e) For the foundation and elevation of an interior bearing wall (20 pieds long x 2 pieds thick x 6 pieds high) in the [Rue d'Estrées east aisle/Rue d'Orléans] basement raised to ground floor level

(f) For the foundation of the [block's perimeter property] fences (2 pieds 6 pouces thick x 2 pieds 4 pouces of height)

(g) For the foundation of a portion of the [Rue Royalle/Rue d'Estrées east] pavilion housing the wash-house (2 pieds 6 pouces thick x 2 pieds 4 pouces of height)

(h) For a [portion of the height of the] wall of the [block's perimeter property] fences (2 pieds thick x 3 pieds 6 pouces of height)

(i) For the foundation of the wall of the main [hospital] building facing Rue d'Orléans (2 pieds 6 pouces thick x 1 pied 6 pouces high)

(j) For the foundation of the portion of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion [extending towards] the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie (2 pieds 6 pouces thick x 1 pied 6 pouces high)

(k) For the foundation and elevation of the well of the [Rue Royalle/Rue d'Estrées east] pavilion housing the wash-house (3 pieds thick x 25 pieds 1 pouce of circumference x 7 pieds deep)

(3) [Imported] Cut Stone @ 3 livres per square pieds (c. 108 livres charge)⁽¹⁷⁾

(a) For one corner of cut stones [for quoins] [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east main hospital building wall] (18 pieds of height)

(4) Hewn Pine Timber @ 45 sols per solive (c. 918 livres charge)⁽¹⁸⁾

(a) For the [framing] of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans main hospital] ground floor (8 pouces x 9 pouces thick), first floor (8 pouces x 9 pouces thick), and attic floors (8 pouces x 8 pouces thick)

(b) For the [framing (4 pouces x 4 pouces thick)] and stringer (2 pouces x 10 pouces thick) of the small stairway in the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion

(c) For the newel (6 pouces x 6 pouces thick by 6 pieds high)] and stringers and risers (2 pouces x 10 pouces thick) of the large stairway in the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion

(d) For the roof wall plates and braces (4 pouces x 8 pouces thick), nine trusses (each has - one king post: 8 pouces x 9 pouces thick by 7 pieds 8 pouces of length; 2 principal rafters (each - 4 pouces x 8 pouces thick by 12 pieds long); 2 struts (each - 4 pouces x 4 pouces thick by 4 pieds long) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans main hospital building]

(e) For one large roof truss consisting of hip and valley rafters (8 pouces x 8 pouces thick), 2 principal rafters (8 pouces x 8 pouces thick), collar beams (8 pouces x 8 pouces thick) a king post (8 pouces x 8 pouces thick), and 6 braces (each: 4 pouces x 4 pouces thick by 2 pieds of length) for the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans raised] chapel [ceiling]

(f) For 2 runs of roof purlins (4 pouces x 8 pouces thick totalling 159 pieds of length) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans main hospital building]

(g) For the ridge beam (4 pouces x 8 pouces thick by 90 pieds of length) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans main hospital building]

(h) For the partition (4 pouces x 8 pouces thick by 20 pieds of length) to close off the [west portion of the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] ward by a temporary wall]

(i) For the rafters and eaves (4 pouces x 4 pouces thick with each being 15 pieds long) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans main hospital building]

(j) For the rafters and eaves (4 pouces x 4 pouces thick with each being 15 pieds long) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion small [inner courtyard charpente] oven

(k) For the rafters (4 pouces x 4 pouces thick) for the [raised] ceiling of the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel

(l) For the wall [framing] members (8 pouces x 9 pouces) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right/aisle right pavilion small [inner courtyard charpente] oven

(m) For the roof rafters [4 pouces x 4 pouces thick] of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion small [inner courtyard charpente] oven

(n) For the ridge beam and other [framing members] (4 pouces x 4 pouces thick) for 9 dormers of the [Rue d'Orléans main hospital] building

(5) Two-Pouce Thick Pine Floor and Partition Planks @ 20 livres per square toise (c. 2,900 livres charge)⁽¹⁹⁾

(a) For the floors of the ground floor [20 pieds 6 pouces wide by 96 pieds of length), first floor [20 pieds 6 pouces wide by 80 pieds of length], and attic [20 pieds 6 pouces wide by 80 pieds of length] of the [Rue d'Orléans main hospital] building

(6) One-Pouce Thick [Planed both Sides Pine] Partition Boards @ 14 livres per square toise (c. 714 livres charge)⁽²⁰⁾

(a) For the balustrade (25 pieds long x 2 pieds 9 pouces high) behind the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel grille

(b) Partitions (7 pieds 6 pouces high) for the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east] chapel corridor

(c) Partitions (7 pieds 6 pouces high) for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion rooms

(d) Partitions (7 pieds 6 pouces high) for unspecified [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east] areas

(e) For along the 4 sides (each side: 12 pieds 6 pouces of length by 6 pieds high) of the [raised] ceiling, plus a small triangular area (2 pieds of length by 6 pieds high) of the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel

(f) For the [raised] ceiling (10 pieds x 10 pieds) of the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel

(7) Two-Pouce Thick [Embôiture] Doors @ 36 livres per square toise (c. 54 livres charge)⁽²¹⁾

(a) For 4 basement doors (each: 5 pieds high x 3 pieds wide) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] left [sic. right] aisle/right pavilion

(8) [One-Pouce Thick pine] Doors and Shutters, [with oak embôitures at both ends] @ 30 livres per square toise (c. 450 livres charge)⁽²²⁾

(a) For 13 doors (5 pieds 9 pouces high by 2 pieds 6 pouces wide) for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(b) For 1 door with its architrave (7 pieds 6 pouces high by 3 pieds 6 pouces wide) for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion OR, less likely, for the portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(c) For 2 doors (each: 5 pieds 6 pouces high by 4 pieds wide) for the garde meuble of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(d) For 27 [window] shutters (4 pieds high x 3 pieds wide) for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(e) For 9 dormer shutters (2 pieds 9 pouces high x 1 pieds 7 pouces wide) for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(9) Window Frames with their Sashes [members measuring 3 pouces or more x 2 pouces] - @ 52 livres per square toise (c. 468 livres charge)⁽²³⁾

(a) For 29 [window] frames with their sashes (3 pieds 9 pouces high x 3 pieds wide) for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(10) Window Panes for Window Sashes @ 24 sols per square pied (c. 270 livres charge)⁽²⁴⁾

(a) For the glass for 29 window sashes, each sash carrying 20-7 pouce x 8 pouce [glass window panes] for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(11) Shingles @10 livres per square toise (c. 1,110 livres charge)⁽²⁵⁾

(a) For the [main] slope and hip of the roof of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(b) For the partition (25 pieds high by 20 pieds 6 pouces wide) which closes off the [west portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward by a wall]

(c) For the 9 dormers of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(d) For the roof (12 pieds long x 10 pieds high) of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion small [inner courtyard] oven

(12) Large Iron Work @ 5 sols 6 deniers per livres of weight (c. 1,337 livres charge)⁽²⁶⁾

(a) For the fireplace bars, timber iron and timber stirrups of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward]

(13) Hardware (c. 894 livres charge)

(a) 118 pairs of strap hinges:

(i) Of 1 pied 6 pouces of length, with their pintles for doors and shutters for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] (40 pairs @ 6 livres per pair)⁽²⁷⁾

(ii) Of 2 pieds of length, with their pintles for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] (20 pairs @ 8 livres per pair)⁽²⁸⁾

(iii) Of 1 pied of length, with their pintles for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] (58 pairs @ 4 livres per pair)⁽²⁹⁾

(b) Bolts on plates of 6 pouces for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] (87 @ 2 livres each)⁽³⁰⁾

(c) [Door] latches for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] (8 @ 4 livres each)⁽³¹⁾

(d) Bernard [door] locks of 7 pouces or 8 pouces long by 4 pouces wide a tour et demy for the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] (7 @ 8 livres each)⁽³²⁾

This year, on or after February 25, Verrier [the new Chief Engineer] and Ganet, [1725-1737 - the new fortification contractor] continued the work on the lhopital du Roy begun by Isabeau, funded by an additional 15,000 livres.⁽³³⁾ Unfortunately, due to a lack of masons and advance work, only the completion of the [property's] perimeter walls, a portion of the large face of the hospital - that is, 60 cubic toise of the masonry wall of the [hospital] ward [next to the Rue d'Orléans east pre-existing hospital ward] - some earth transport, and preparatory work for the next season would result.⁽³⁴⁾

Maps 1725-8 and 1725-8a illustrates the completed masonry perimeter property walls. They also illustrate that, beginning at the existing [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] ward, the remaining portion of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine] masonry walls of the [hospital] ward had now been completely extended - perhaps 4 pieds in height [above the foundation] as for the initial portion of 1724 - west along Rue d'Orléans and down Rue Dauphine. However, the construction of its other walls had not yet begun, and the building site in behind this year's Rue d'Orléans' work remained as it had in 1724 - excavated only.

Noted too was that the bell for the hospital weighed 200 livres, replacing the older, cracked one of 145 livres which had been returned to France.⁽³⁵⁾ Probably, it was destined for the building's future bell tower.⁽³⁶⁾

Prior to this construction season, Chief Engineer Verrier proposed to define the hospital walls from the [pre-existing Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] to the [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion as well as to raise the two [Rue Royalle east and west] pavilions, at an estimated cost of 20,000 livres, plus another 3,000 livres for extraordinary work.⁽³⁷⁾ Apparently with this in mind, Maurepas ordered that 18,000 livres be sent to Isle Royalle. As of December 15, the entire amount remained unspent.⁽³⁸⁾

By season end, the hospital walls were well founded - readied for the 1727 construction season - but, disappointingly involving little actual work time, they being built only to window sill level due to a shortage of [imported] cut stone, caused by its late delivery from France.⁽³⁹⁾ However, unlike his 1725 proposal for 1726, Chief Engineer Verrier had instead founded all rather than just a portion of the walls. This, he thought, would produce a more solid foundational matrix for the remaining building heights.⁽⁴⁰⁾

Readied too for next year and stockpiled was all the wood and hewn timber required for the hospital.⁽⁴¹⁾ Hopes ran high that it would be completed by June, 1727, with the only possible barrier being a shortage of [imported] cut stone and slate.⁽⁴²⁾ This [imported] cut stone - 730 cubic pieds had already arrived and proposed for 1727 was an order for a further 2,000 cubic pieds - was required for the hospital's door and window [surrounds if not for elsewhere as well], and the [imported] slate for the building's roof.⁽⁴³⁾ Local Isle aux Justeaucorps cut stone was likewise required for the [Rue d'Orléans] hospital, also as a door or gate [surround] material.⁽⁴⁴⁾

Maps 1726-1 and 1726-1a illustrates the construction to window sill level of both the [Rue d'Orléans] hospital and the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion, a now completed [Rue Royalle east] pavilion housing both the [Rue Royalle/Rue d'Estrées east] wash-house and the [Rue Royalle east] bakery - with its previously constructed inner courtyard well) - and possibly a completed [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie. Like the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east right aisle/right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward], their roofs were also finished off with shingles rather than slates - and, possibly, with fire prevention ladders as well.⁽⁴⁵⁾

When scaled, maps 1726-1 and 1726-1a appear to illustrate relatively accurate measurements of built [though not of all the proposed] features which had been completed by the end of the 1726 construction season. For example, where comparisons were possible, they closely matched the descriptions contained in the Isabeau Toisé of 1721-1724.⁽⁴⁶⁾

(Note: All measurements are approximate, and when used in combination may not provide a correct total)

(I) HOSPITAL (Rue d'Orléans) MEASUREMENTS

(I) General - ground level

(a) Exterior

(i) Rue d'Estrées 63 pieds

(ii) Rue d'Orléans 240 pieds

(iii) Rue Dauphine 63 pieds

(iv) Terrace side (east to west) 25 pieds + 38 pieds + 57 pieds + 18 pieds + 78 pieds + 18 pieds + 38 pieds + 25 pieds

(2) [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right rubble stone masonry pavilion

(a) Exterior - ground level and heights

(i) Perimeter walls

(I) Rue d'Estrées 63 pieds

(II) Rue d'Orléans 25 pieds

(III) Thickness 2 pieds

(IV) Height 5 pieds basement height + 18 pieds from ground floor to roof eave

(b) Interior - ground level

(i) Length 59 pieds

(ii) Width 20 pieds

(3) [Rue d'Orléans east and west hospital] rubble stone masonry wards

(a) Exterior - ground level and heights

(i) Foundation

(I) Thickness 3 pieds(+-)

(II) Height Assorted

(ii) Perimeter walls

(I) Rue d'Orléans 190 pieds

(II) Depth 25 pieds

(III) Thickness 2 pieds, centered upon the foundation, creating a 6 pouce (+-) interior and exterior ledge

(b) Interior - ground level

(i) [East] ward

(I) Length 87 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(ii) Central passageway

(I) Length 20 pieds

(II) Width 12 pieds

(iii) [West] ward

(I) Length 87 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(4) [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left rubble stone masonry pavilion

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter walls

(I) Rue Dauphine 63 pieds

(II) Rue d'Orléans 25 pieds

(III) Thickness 2 pieds

(b) Interior - ground level

(i) South division

(I) Length 20 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(ii) Central division

(I) Length 17 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(iii) North division

(I) Length 17 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(5) [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central rubble stone masonry pavilion

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter walls

(I) Terrace side 78 pieds

(II) Depth 18 pieds

(III) Thickness 2 pieds

(b) Interior - ground level

(i) Guard room/apothecary's réserve (storeroom)

(I) Length 10 pieds

(II) Width 16 pieds

(ii) Apothecary

(I) Length 16 pieds

(II) Width 16 pieds

(iii) Mortuary/staircase

(I) Length 16 pieds

(II) Width 16 pieds

(iv) Latrines

(I) Length 7 pieds

(II) Width 16 pieds

(v) Central passageway

(I) Length 18 pieds

(II) Width 12 pieds

(II) BAKERY/WASH-HOUSE (Rue Royalle and Rue d'Estrées) MEASUREMENTS

(1) [Rue Royalle east] rubble stone masonry pavilion, housing the bakery/wash-house

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter walls

(I) Rue d'Estrées 51 pieds

(II) Rue Royalle 51 pieds

(III) Inner courtyard
(north to south) 25 pieds + 25 pieds 6 pouces + 25 pieds 6 pouces + 25 pieds

(ii) L-shaped perimeter walls

(I) Rue Royalle 51 pieds

(II) Rue d'Estrées 51 pieds

(III) Width 25 pieds

(IV) Thickness 2 pieds

(b) Interior - ground level

(i) Wash-house

(I) Length 22 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(ii) Bakery (fore-room)

(I) Length 23 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(iii) Oven room (rear-room)

(I) Length 19 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(III) STOREHOUSE/STABLES/MENAGERIE (Rue Royalle and Rue Dauphine) MEASUREMENTS

(1) [Rue Royalle west] rubble stone masonry pavilion, housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter walls

(I) Rue Dauphine 51 pieds

(II) Rue Royalle 51 pieds

(III) Inner courtyard
(north to south) 25 pieds + 25 pieds 6 pouces + 25 pieds 6 pouces + 25 pieds

(ii) L-shaped perimeter walls

(I) Rue Royalle 51 pieds

(II) Rue Dauphine 51 pieds

(III) Width 25 pieds

(IV) Thickness 2 pieds

(b) Interior - ground level

(i) East stable/menagerie

(I) Length 23 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(ii) West stable/menagerie

(I) Length 46 pieds

(II) Width 20 pieds

(IV) PERIMETER PROPERTY FENCES MEASUREMENTS

(1) Rue Dauphine perimeter property rubble stone masonry wall

(a) Exterior - ground level and heights

(i) Foundation

(I) Thickness 3 pieds

(ii) Perimeter wall

(I) Length 62 pieds

(II) Thickness 2 pieds 6 pouces

(III) Height 12 pieds tall (inner courtyard side)

(2) Rue Royalle perimeter property rubble stone masonry wall [with a central gateway]

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter wall

(I) Length 66 pieds [+ 8 pieds wide gateway opening] + 66 pieds

(II) Thickness 2 pieds 6 pouces

(3) Rue d'Estrées perimeter property rubble stone masonry wall

(a) Exterior - ground level and heights

(i) Foundation

(I) Thickness 3 pieds

(ii) Perimeter wall

(I) Length 62 pieds

(II) Thickness 2 pieds 6 pouces

(III) Height 12 pieds (inner courtyard side)

(V) LANDSCAPE FEATURES MEASUREMENTS

(1) Well butting against the south wall of the bakery/wash-house and Rue d'Estrées perimeter property fence

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter wall

(I) Diameter 6 pieds

(2) Cesspool

(a) Exterior - ground level

(i) Perimeter wall

(I) External reservoir 8 pieds x 8 pieds

(II) Interior vault 12 pieds x 11 pieds

Although this season's construction was limited, it literally set in stone the final pre-1745 plan of all three buildings and the property's perimeter fences, the only exceptions being the 1739 modifications to the hospital complex, those of c. 1738-1744 to the storehouse/stables/menagerie, and those of 1744 to the bakery. In contrast, landscape features were still much under development.

Generally, Maps 1726-1 and 1726-1a provide this view of the situation:

(I) HOSPITAL (Rue d'Orléans)

Upon completion of the 2 1/2 storey rubble stone masonry hospital complex, the Brothers were to vacate the basement, ground floor and first storey [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion, leaving in place its existing chapel and sacristy, and its remaining rooms (for unspecified uses):

In the northern half of this wing, there was to be established a ground-floor complex [the former Brothers' residence] with a back-to-back fireplace servicing two rooms defined by the fireplace mass and two wooden partitions. To the south, there was a corridor - developed between the north rooms' wooden partition wall and a south wooden partition wall - which opened upon the rooms to the north, upon the terrace to the west (by means of an exterior step), to a large U-shaped wooden stairway servicing the first storey, a small stairway beneath the large stairway accessing the basement below (which was also serviced by two exterior basement doors), and upon the sacristy to the south. The sacristy in turn accessed the two-storey chapel, at the corner of Rue d'Orléans and Rue d'Estrées, which had a door centered upon a distinctive partition wall to the west that opened upon a long east ward. If necessary, the chapel could be by-passed by a second doorway leading directly from the ward to the sacristy.

To the west of the chapel, the ground floor and first storey, [Rue d'Orléans] hospital, accessed from the exterior by a central passageway (passage), consisted of long wards serviced by an attached, raised [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion - topped by a bell tower - consisting of latrines, a mortuary with its chapel, an apothecary, an apothecary's réserve (storeroom), and a guard room:

The ground-floor east and west wards were mirror images of each other, serviced by the arched doorways of the north/south central passageway which divided the hospital complex exactly in half. Each ward also opened upon a room to the north, located in the [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion: latrines (in the eastern portion of the [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion), and the guard's room with its fireplace (in the western portion). Presumedly, the configuration - two wards (in contrast to the 1726 plans, the profile and description on Maps 1725-8/1725-8a suggests two), latrines (Map 1750-1 clearly illustrates both a discharge outlet for servicing a latrine above and a separate flue for venting cesspool gas from below), guard room, and central passageway (Maps 1725-8/1725-8a and ND-82 (1729) indicate a ward window either in a central passageway door, or in the wall over-looking the chapel) - was the same on the first-storey. Above, in the attic, the floor was finished off with an upper surface of flooring boards or planks.

The ends of the ground floor and first storey flooring joists of the [Rue d'Orléans west hospital] wards were apparently embedded in the perimeter walls. The ends of the attic flooring joists rested upon a wall plate.

The central passageway of the [Rue d'Orléans east and west hospital] wards opened up to the south, by means of an exterior step, upon Rue d'Orléans, and to the north, after passing through the [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion - again by means of an exterior step - upon the terrace. In the [Rue d'Orléans hospital's] central pavilion, an east door of the central passageway accessed the mortuary with its chapel, and, to the north of it, set against a wooden partition, a stairway which led to a single large upper [Rue d'Orléans hospital] ward (and where perhaps were to be found mirror images of the ground floor mortuary and apothecary room and storeroom but with other but unspecified functions). Likewise, a west door accessed the apothecary with its fireplace [furnace], and to the west of it, closed off from the guard room by a wooden partition, the apothecary's réserve (storeroom).

From the ground-floor west ward of the hospital a door opened into the new quarters of the Brothers in the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion consisting of basement, ground floor and first storey kitchen, living and sleeping accommodations respectively:

Along the east side of the ground-floor southern portion of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion wing ran a corridor - defined by a wooden partition - that to the south serviced a priest's room and wooden partitioned-off cabinet, and to the north, a parlour, then a U-shaped stairway set against a wooden partition- which, from the east side, accessed below the basement kitchen/dépense (storeroom) - no doubt indirectly through another basement room to the south of the kitchen fireplace - and above the first storey living quarters for the Brothers - then a doorway with exterior steps to the terrace, and finally the dining room in the extreme north portion of this wing. Behind the stairway, set along its western wooden-partitioned wall, stood a small room, which directly accessed both the parlour and the dining room.

Finally, there was an exterior basement door which also serviced the kitchen.

A number of architectural features included cut stone building corners; chimney caps; a wide, arched central passageway door opening upon the terrace; and a weather-vane upon the bell tower. Window, dormer, and chimney stacks were generally of a balanced design. Structurally - among other things - the roof consisted of a non-braced king post and purlin system and the ends of its ground floor and first storey joists were embedded into the perimeter walls.

(II) BAKERY/WASH-HOUSE (Rue Royalle and Rue d'Estrées)

In the eastern corner of the property stood the previously completed [Rue Royalle east] rubble stone masonry pavilion housing both the [Rue Royalle/Rue d'Estrées east] wash-house and the [Rue Royalle east] bakery and its existing inner courtyard well:

This pavilion consisted of three ground-floor rooms. Two of these, at the corner of the street, comprised the bakery - the fore-room, entered by a west door facing the inner courtyard - servicing a single oven - and a rear-room partially occupied by the oven mass itself. The third, to the south facing Rue d'Estrées, was the wash-house, likewise with a west doorway opening into the inner courtyard. An unusual shaped fireplace, no doubt for heating water, stood against its north wall.

Presumedly, structurally - among other things - the roof consisted of a non-braced king post and purlin system.

(III) STOREHOUSE/STABLES/MENAGERIE (Rue Royalle and Rue Dauphine)

In the western corner of the property stood the possibly already completed [Rue Royalle west] rubble stone masonry pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie:

This pavilion consisted of two ground-floor rooms. One was at the corner of the street, and one was along Rue Royalle accessed from the inner courtyard through an east door. Between the two stood a large door, providing access to the corner room.

Presumedly, structurally - among other things - the roof consisted of a non-braced king post and purlin system.

(IV) PERIMETER PROPERTY FENCES

Three perimeter property rubble stone masonry fences closed off the remainder of Block 13 from the streets:

Two of the three rubble-stone perimeter property fences - along Rue Dauphine and Rue d'Estrées - and no doubt along Rue Royalle as well, had a sloped rubble stone cap. However, only the Rue Royalle perimeter property fence had a gateway, centered upon the fence, with separate surrounds.

(V) LANDSCAPE FEATURES - TERRACE AND INNER COURTYARD

A terrace and a lower inner courtyard were still to be developed in detail. The well was already in place:

Beneath both the terrace and the hospital's interior latrines, an underground cesspool was to be constructed. From the terrace, ramps at either end - servicing the doorways of both the eastern and western pavilions of the hospital complex - and a pair in the centre, opposite the hospital's exterior central passageway doorway, were to lead to the inner courtyard. In the inner courtyard stood one well, already built against where the Rue d'Estrées perimeter property fence and south wall of the wash-house met.

Set aside was 26,000 livres to continue work on the lhopital du Roy, which amount was entirely spent by November.⁽⁴⁷⁾ By August 15, the masonry was up, and the raising of the roof extended at least into September.⁽⁴⁸⁾ Perhaps too, the bell tower was constructed this year in concert with the work on the roof, although conceivably it may have been raised at a subsequent time.

Unfortunately, roofing slates were unavailable and the building now stood with a [provisional] board roof. Additional plans, however, now called for the installation of the floors that winter, and the placement of roofing slates, the interior [wall] crépis or enduit roughcasting - subsequently delayed until the slates were placed for the fear of rain-water damage - and other building dispositions by a proposed June 1728 completion date.⁽⁴⁹⁾

An undated Governor St. Ovide memoir, circa December 1727 or earlier [given that it discussed Chief Engineer Verrier continuing the lengthening of the hospital], described several works underway, including that of the hospital. He was concerned that construction on the building had re-commenced following the same pattern as that already built despite [some] fundamental defects. Accordingly, Engineer Verrier would build the [roof] ridge of the new [Rue d'Orléans west hospital] addition 2 full pieds higher and its bottom [or ground floor] floor 1 1/2 pieds lower than that of the older [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] section. He did this because [although] the first [storey] floor [of the earlier portion] was too low, he [still wanted] to bring [its] large ward level with the [new first storey] large ward.

The hospital, by its location, was always too humid. To have achieved a little more dryness, it would have been necessary to raise the ground floor at least 2 good pieds [which no longer was an option]. Of interest, on at least three other occasions - in 1732, 1736, and in 1750 - humidity was again identified as a problem in the hospital.⁽⁵⁰⁾

Unfortunately as well, Verrier had made the arrière-voussures of the new addition from birch planks rather than of flat stone. Consequently, he had sacrificed solidness and durability. As well, Verrier had been forced to demolish 84 running pieds of masonry, of 5-6 pieds in height, of a wall founded 2 pieds higher than the level of the older [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] building's floor. Furthermore, he had been obliged to rebuild 2 pieds of the perimeter foundation of the new [Rue Royalle] pavilion.⁽⁵¹⁾ Apparently, heavy rains had washed away 2 toise 1 pieds 4 pouces cubic of the two gable ends of the masonry [Rue Royalle east] pavilion that housed the [Rue Royalle east] bakery, along with 1 toise 4 pieds 8 pouces cubic of the masonry sheep fold and another 5 pieds 4 pouces cubic of an area near its door.⁽⁵²⁾

Maps 1726-1 and 1726-1a, in yellow, illustrates - in plan and in elevation - the final configurations proposed for the [Rue d'Orléans] hospital and [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion for this and upcoming years. No doubt these plans were more accurate in detail than maps 1725-8 and 1725-8a for the construction period 1723-1727 inclusive, but, nevertheless, should be read along with them, as well as with maps 1750-1 and 1752-10 where appropriate to the 1744-1745 re-construction date.

Map 1729-3 illustrates the completed 8-sided bell tower (as well as some main roof features) of the l'Hopital du Roy with exceptional clarity. Secured approximately 10 1/2 pieds below the main roof ridge, it rose c. 32 1/2 pieds above (not including its weather-vane), was of wood construction, employed some internal structural iron-work, and was to have a slate roof on a [board] sheathing. Of interest, it was without a clock, but topped by a weather-vane.

For this year, an additional 28,000 livres was thought necessary to continue work on the hospital.⁽⁵³⁾

Roofing slates from France were again unavailable on Isle Royalle, and the building stood another year with a provisional board roof.⁽⁵⁴⁾ Consequently, the planned interior [wall] crépis or crépissage roughcasting, as well as joinery work and other interior dispositions, were put on hold, for fear of water damage.⁽⁵⁵⁾ Highlighting this concern was the fact that the existing board roof had already undergone a repair.⁽⁵⁶⁾

Notwithstanding these general assertions, Ganet, the fortification contractor, had actually completed some hospital projects. For example, there was the minor work - valued at 166 livres 16 sols - that he undertook in the older [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east right aisle/right pavilion and Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] section - i.e in the chapel and in the lodgings where the Brother's were still residing - and in the inner courtyard. They included the following:

(1) Repairing the keepers, springs, etc., of several locks and replacing several keys (lodgings) - 20 livres

(2) Floor (or board) repairs (lodgings) - 6 livres

(3) Replacing a door latch (lodgings) - 4 livres

(4) Repairing a door (lodgings) - 8 livres

(5) Replacing 183 7x8 pouce glass window [panes] (lodgings) - 109 livres 16 sols

(6) A lamp bracket (chapel) - 4 livres

(7) Replacing the [inner court]yard gate key and chain for a serrure a bosse - 3 livres

(8) A shovel and fire tongs for the stove (unspecified location) - 8 livres

(9) Cleaning and [replacing] the [glued glazing] paper of [window] panes (unspecified location) - 4 livres⁽⁵⁷⁾

More substantial were other costs totalling 32,015 livres, for which Ganet received payment, but for work which may have occurred earlier than 1728:

(1) [Excavation] work (1,206 livres)

(2) Masonry work (1,320 livres)

(3) Grey [sand stone] (4,789 livres)

(4) Cut white [lime stone] (2, 709 livres)

(5) Hewn timber (8,139 livres)

(6) [Softwood] floors (7,740 livres)

(7) Partitions (1,100 livres)

(8) Hardwood floors (927 livres)

(9) Roof shingles (1,728 livres)

(10) Pavé (2,357 livres).⁽⁵⁸⁾

Another 20,000 livres was requested for this year to continue and finish the Lhopital du Roy de Louisbourg deservi par les freres de la Charité.⁽⁵⁹⁾ Unfortunately, once again the roofing slates failed to arrive from France, and the building remained in the same state as the previous year.⁽⁶⁰⁾ Meanwhile, Ganet, the fortification contractor, undertook some projects (25 livres):

(1) Replacing one vertical and two horizontal [inner court]yard door pieces - 10 livres

(2) Repairing and replacing the bolts, keepers, and staples of several locks, (unspecified location) - 15 livres ⁽⁶¹⁾

Because Map ND-82 (1729) is problematic in several aspects - e.g. three of the street names are labelled incorrectly, fireplaces in plan and chimney stacks in elevation often do not coincide, and the profile line and its resulting profile do not match - the danger is that this plan may conceptualize rather than illustrate accurately portions of Block 13. Thus, for example, although it depicted the second inner courtyard well for the first time, it positioned it incorrectly. As many later plans - such as maps 1731-3 and 1745-4 would clearly demonstrate - it was not constructed against the north wall of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion as shown, but rather away from it further to the north. However, to illustrate the well against the Rue d'Estrées perimeter property fence - as again many plans confirm - only makes sense, for a place to attach the hardware for lowering and raising the well bucket (as map ND-82 illustrates).

Map ND-82 (1729), also for the first time, illustrated a possible garden and yard layout for the inner courtyard. In this instance, other plans appear to indicate such a development to be too elaborate:

(1) There were two separate gardens, one immediately to the east and one immediately to the west of the dual central terrace ramps, separated by a central walk-way - enclosed to the north by the masonry face of the terrace's retaining wall, and to the east, west, and south by piquet garden fences standing less tall than the perimeter property fences.

(2) Each garden had a braced gate that allowed access from a central walkway that extended north from the central terrace ramps to an open area in front of the central gate in the Rue Royalle perimeter property fence.

(3) There were two piquet fenced-in open yards to the east and to the west of the gardens, separated by a side walkway that accessed these yards, the terrace to the south (by means of their corner steps), and the open area to the north in front of the central gate in the Rue Royalle perimeter property fence.

(a) One was placed against the Rue d'Estrées perimeter property fence to the east and against the wall of the masonry [Rue Royalle east] pavilion, housing the bakery/wash-house, to the north, with [gates] opening upon the east side walkway and upon an open area in front of the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east right aisle/right pavilion.

(b) One was placed against the Rue Dauphine perimeter property fence to the west and against the wall of the masonry [Rue Royalle west] pavilion, housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie, to the north, with [gates] opening upon the west side walkway and upon an open area in front of the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east right aisle/right pavilion [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion.

Other plans suggest a less elaborate development. For example, a more simple variation might have been two smaller, fenced, gardens, located further north, developed against the Rue Royalle perimeter wall, with a wider, central walkway. Defined by the garden and other fences extending southward, the walkway perhaps extended onto the terrace itself. In the inner courtyard, around and behind the garden, other, less formalized yards may then have existed, to meet other requirements (1733-7, 1734-4, 1742-2, 1744-5, 1745-11, 1745-19).

Finally, Map ND-82 (1729) both confirmed and conflicted with aspects of Maps 1726-1/1726-1a:

(1) Confirmed:

(a) The hospital complex had cut stone quoins for building corners

(b) The hospital complex had a simple, non-quoin stone, window surround design

(c) The hospital complex had dormers

(d) The roof of the [Rue d'Orléans west] hospital ward consisted of a non-braced king post and purlin system

(e) The ends of the ground floor and first storey joists of the [Rue d'Orléans west] hospital ward were embedded into the perimeter walls.

(f) The floor plan for the hospital complex, [Rue Royalle east] pavilion housing the bakery/wash-house, and the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie

(g) The rubble stone perimeter property fence had a sloped rubble stone cap

(2) Differed:

(a) The hospital complex dormers differed in numbers and locations

(b) The terrace central passageway door entry of the [Rue d'Orléans] hospital central pavilion had cut stone quoin surrounds

(c) The terrace central passageway door entry of the [Rue d'Orléans] hospital central pavilion was not arched

(d) The ground floor guard room in the [Rue d'Orléans hospital] central pavilion did not have a fireplace

(e) The bell tower reassembled the one illustrated on map 1729-3

(f) The roof of the [Rue d'Orléans west hospital] ward had a raised collar beam without a surface of attic flooring

(g) The ground floor parlour of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion did not have a fireplace

(h) The hospital complex had brick chimney stacks with cut stone caps and strings

On April 17, Ganet, the fortification contractor, agreed to a new lhopital du Roy contract.⁽⁶²⁾ The detailed estimate that year for completing the hospital amounted to 21,909 livres 12 sols:⁽⁶³⁾

(1) Roofing slates (384 square toises @ 30 livres - 11,520 livres)

(2) Table lead [flashing] for the roof ridge and valleys, etc. (8,000 livres of weight @ 8 sols - 3,200 livres)

(3) Interior [wall roughcasting] enduit (415 square toises @ 6 livres- 2,490 livres)

(4) Vertical wall boarding for the upper [hospital] ward and [central] passageway (40 square toises @ 14 livres - 560 livres)

(5) [Fir] cornices above doors (40 square pieds @ 2 livres 10 sols - 100 livres)⁽⁶⁴⁾

(6) [Oak or birch] door architraves (6 square toises @ 52 livres - 312 livres)⁽⁶⁵⁾

(7) [1-pouce thick pine] doors, [with oak embôitures at both ends] (25 square toises @ 25 livres - 625 livres)⁽⁶⁶⁾

(8) [Window] frames (19 square toises @ 45 livres - 855 livres)

(9) Glass [window panes] (648 square pieds @ 24 sols - 777 livres 12 sols)

(10) Iron (1000 livres of weight @ 5 sols 6 deniers - 275 livres)

(11) Window strap hinges [of 1 pieds of length, with their pintles] (100 pairs @ 4 livres - 400 livres)⁽⁶⁷⁾

(12) Door strap hinges [of 2 pieds of length, with their pintles] (40 pairs @ 8 livres - 320 livres)⁽⁶⁸⁾

(13) [Sash locking] bolts (150 @ 2 livres 10 sols - 375 livres)

(14) Keepers and fasteners (100 livres)

This accounting revealed several facts, that:

(1) Casement style windows (strap hinges and sash locking bolts) were envisioned

(2) Interior mortar renderings were not universal (vertical wall boarding)

(3) A number of doorways were probably better finished than others (fir cornices and oak or birch architraves)⁽⁶⁹⁾

In May, 12,000 livres was authorized for completing the hospital's joinery work and roof work.⁽⁷⁰⁾ Knowing in June that Ganet had left Nantes for Isle Royalle with 100,000 slates and several new workers, and that 50,000 additional slates were also to arrive, Chief Engineer Verrier planned to compete the hospital's roof before winter set in.⁽⁷¹⁾

After a 45 day crossing, Ganet arrived from France upon a King's ship together with the following:

(1) Black slate (50,000)

(2) Table lead (5,000 livres of weight or 2 1/2 tonneaux)

(3) Flat iron (4,800 livres of weight or 2 2/5th tonneaux)

(4) Steel (1/4 tonneaux)

(5) Sheet-metal (400 livres of weight or 1/5th tonneaux)

(6) Glass [window panes] (5 casses or 1/2 tonneau)⁽⁷²⁾

In July, the roof of the new [Rue d'Orléans west] section of the hospital was slate covered, and, following that, its windows were glazed, and in its wards, wood burning stoves were mounted and beds were placed.⁽⁷³⁾ In contrast, the roof of the original [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans east right aisle/right pavilion and portion of the Rue d'Orléans east hospital ward] remained as before, shingled covered and still requiring slates.⁽⁷⁴⁾

For his work this year Ganet submitted a hospital bill for 13,987 livres 18 sols.⁽⁷⁵⁾ The building this year now finally completed, the Brothers no doubt moved over to their new quarters in the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion.

Chief Engineer Verrier reported that he needed 9,909 livres to complete the hospital in its entirety.⁽⁷⁶⁾ However, in a November description of work done that year, he did not mention the hospital.⁽⁷⁷⁾ Map 1731-3, for the first time, illustrated the second inner courtyard well in its proper position as against the perimeter fence, near the north wall of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion.

Ganet, the fortification contractor, undertook some minor projects (175 livres 6 sols) that included the following:

(1) [Glass window] pane replacements throughout the entire building (257 @ 12 sols each - 154 livres 4 sols)

(2) Lock replacement in the kitchen (1 @ 8 livres - 8 livres)

(3) Iron scrappers for cleaning the floors (4 @ 20 sols each - 4 livres)

(4) One keeper, ring, bolt and iron latch catch (2 livres 10 sols)

(5) Cleaning and [replacing] the [glued glazing] paper of [window] panes (5 livres) ⁽⁷⁸⁾

A January inventory counted 3 iron stoves for the wards but the iron plaques for [brick] stoves were apparently all consumed. The wells in the yard were equipped with iron gallows, and the [terrace] had a single iron balustrade.⁽⁷⁹⁾

Ganet, the fortification contractor, undertook some minor projects (80 livres 8 sols) that included the following:

(1) [Glass window] pane replacements (19 @ 12 sols each - 11 livres 8 sols)

(2) Key replacements (4 @ 20 sols - 4 livres)

(3) Large table fork for the kitchen

(4) The cleaning of [probably at least two] wells and their purification with gravel (24 livres)⁽⁸⁰⁾

For the year, for unspecified work, Ganet would submit a final hospital bill for 2,579 livres 5 sols 11 deniers.⁽⁸¹⁾

Map 1733-7 suggested that the Rue d'Orléans central entrance way was either finished more elaborately than the terrace doorway, or else, had a substantial entrance step. Although maps 1725-8/1727-8a had envisioned a classical doorway at the terrace entry, maps 1726-1/1726-1a called for a more simple design. None illustrated the type of Rue d'Orléans doorway that might have been installed, although maps 1726-1/1726-1a - and, later, map 1750-1 suggest a significant entrance step. Only, in c. 1764, did Gibson Clough who had been at Louisbourg in 1759, tantalizingly illustrate otherwise, that there existed a central portico.

Ganet, the fortification contractor, undertook some minor projects (28 livres 4 sols) on the l'hopital royal de la marine that included the following:

(1) The replacement of keys (3 @ 1 livres each - 3 livres)

(2) The replacement of a [door] latch (1 @ 4 livres - 4 livres)

(3) The repair of locks (2 @ 3 livres together - 3 livres)⁽⁸²⁾

An official survey of that year laid down the final measurements for Block Thirteen (which would total 41,760 square pieds) as follows:

(1) 40 toises [240 pieds] along Rue Royalle and d'Orléans

(2) 29 toises [174 pieds] along Rue d'Estrées and Dauphine.⁽⁸³⁾

Rue de l'Hôpital was declared altered, where it met Rue d'Orléans in front of the hospital's central door, to form a quarter circle, to facilitate traffic at that spot.⁽⁸⁴⁾

Ganet, the fortification contractor, undertook some minor repairs and projects (145 livres 18 sols) as follows:

(1) [Window] pane replacements (109 @ 12 sols each - 65 livres 8 sols)

(2) Lock repairs (1 @ 1 livres 10 sols - 1 livres 10 sols)

(3) The repair of the slate roof (44 livres):

(a) 1 roofer (8 days @ 3 livres - 24 livres)

(b) 1 helper (8 days at @ 1 livre - 8 livres)

(c) Slates (100 @ 6 livres - 6 livres)

(d) [Flashing] cement (6 livres) ⁽⁸⁵⁾

The hospital's prison - a guard but not a lock-up for sick prisoners was specifically identified in the plans of 1726 - was a small room [perhaps the neighbouring apothecary's réserve (storeroom)] - generally used to store items of little value - in the ground floor [Rue d'Orléans Hospital] central pavilion, closed off by a door. The room had a small window - to the left upon entering - which overlooked the yard [terrace]. This window, built with [imported] cut stone surrounds and a plank sill, was grilled with 3 iron bars set in a frame.

Another window was located on the yard [terrace?] side nearest to the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel choir. Its window was secured from within by a sash-bolt. Behind the choir was another window, placed near the corner of the building. It too could be opened, though [perhaps generally] sealed with glued paper.⁽⁸⁶⁾ Of interest, the ceiling of the chapel rose two storeys high, allowing windows in the upper ward to overlook it. Possibly too, below, in the chapel door and partition, windows also existed, looking into the lower ward. ⁽⁸⁷⁾

On October 11, 1736, Verrier produced a final description and accounting of the completed lhopital du Roy for the work that Ganet, the fortification contractor, had undertaken since February 25, 1725. Although the toise is currently missing from the historical record, the cost is not: 112,402 livres 16 sols 4 deniers. Not included was the work of Isabeau, the first fortification contractor.⁽⁸⁸⁾

The Brothers of Charity asked for two alterations, that there be established a [hospital] ward for sick officers and that there be built a new kitchen to replace the existing one in the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion basement which suffered, during the winter months, from water and [smoke] fumes. They also complained that De Mézy, the Commissaire-Ordonnateur - who didn't want the Brothers to assume that they owned the hospital - had Chief Engineer Verrier remove the inscription "Charitas" which they had placed above one of the hospital's doors ⁽⁸⁹⁾

Verrier proposed that the officers' [hospital] ward - for those of the garrison and of visiting King's vessels - be established in the former [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion of the hospital, whose [original layout] was no longer suitable, and thus without present use. This [hospital] ward would consist of 5 rooms, each with a fire[place], once the old chimneys were removed and re-set in a new interior bearing wall. Placed in the middle of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion, this wall would strengthen the building while providing a useful layout.

In addition, the shingled roof of this section of the hospital - covering the said [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion as well as the [Rue d'Estrées/Rue d'Orléans] chapel - was now old, rotten, and nearly useless. It was proposed to replace it with slate.⁽⁹⁰⁾

Chief Engineer Verrier submitted the plans and estimations for several works that included the approved alteration of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east] right aisle/right pavilion to a [hospital] ward for sick officers and the replacement of the acknowledged 18-year old shingled roof with slates.⁽⁹¹⁾ Unfortunately, nothing happened that year because of a shortage of materials that included bricks for the fireplaces/or chimneys.⁽⁹²⁾

That year too, the Brothers of Charity had also asked for a henhouse in the [inner court] yard to replace the one in the basement of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion] which Verrier maintained ought to have been dedicated as a work area. For 1,000 livres, Verrier proposed to raise one in 1739.⁽⁹³⁾ Apparently, between then and 1745, one was built, attached to the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie.⁽⁹⁴⁾

Maps 1745-4 and 1750-1 (which also included a sheep fold) illustrate the henhouse, though with different door and window arrangements.

By August, the 5 rooms for the officers' [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion hospital] ward were reported completed (although they remained unfurnished that year and into the next).⁽⁹⁵⁾ On October 15, Engineer Verrier submitted a [detailed - now missing] toisé describing the work that Muiron, the new fortification contractor (1737-1745), had apparently undertaken, that year for the said alterations. The project cost the King 8,687 livres 10 sols 1 deniers.⁽⁹⁶⁾

In the northern half of this wing - according to Map 1750-1, there was now a ward consisting of 5 rooms for sick officers. Two were clearly located on the ground-floor with the other 3 possibly on the first storey above, accessed by a large U-shaped wooden stairway. Beneath this stair, a small stairway serviced the basement below. There was one ground-floor dual fireplace complex, located in the officers' ward, serving two rooms, defined by the fireplace mass and one wooden partition. Above, in the first-storey above, there would have been additional fireplaces (or stoves) in the remaining three officers' rooms.

To the south of the ground-floor ward, there was a corridor - defined by the northern masonry bearing wall that carried the officers' fireplaces and by a southern wooden partition - which open upon the 2 officers' rooms to the north, upon the terrace to the west, and upon the sacristy to the south.

This year, the [exterior] crépissage roughcasting for the entire hospital building was now finished, and, possibly in some places - perhaps in the [Rue d'Orléans east hospital] ward - for at the least a second time.⁽⁹⁷⁾ There was no mention of a shingled roof replaced in slate, and indeed, it was still shingled as late as 1749.⁽⁹⁸⁾

At the beginning of the new year, Muiron, the fortification contractor, requested slate for repairing the hospital's roof [and possibly its bell tower as well, if not this year, then certainly some other pre-1745 year]. ⁽⁹⁹⁾

The hospital did not have the facilities to temporarily hold the insane, and so it was suggested that one of the 5 new officers' rooms be used for this purpose - since its windows were grilled [with bars] - until the person could be sent to France. Better, however, would be if two small rooms in masonry might be built in the hospital's tower as a temporary holding place.⁽¹⁰⁰⁾

Muiron, the fortification contractor, extended an underground hospital [latrine] drain [across the terrace and inner courtyard] so that it now emptied into the Grand Étang. ⁽¹⁰¹⁾

In addition he altered the layout of the [Rue Royalle east pavilion] housing the bakery, apparently to meet the requirements of making bread for the [English] prisoners of war held at Louisbourg:

(1) Punched an opening in its Rue Royalle bakery wall for a doorway with its door and associated hardware (Note: Map 1750-1 does not illustrates this door. It shows the only new Rue Royalle doorway to be in the storehouse of the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion then housing the cave/storehouse/horse-cow sheds/ henhouse-sheep fold)

(a) Creation of the doorway opening (22 livres)

(b) Interior and exterior hewn timber door frame (12 cubic pieds @ 20 sols - 12 livres)

(c) [Single] leaf 2-pouce thick plank batten door with bars and diagonal pieces (7 livres)

(2) Placed an interior separation partition - constructed of Boston boards - (@ 5 livres 12 sols per square toise)

(3) Built a stairway - constructed of Boston boards - to the attic to serve the Brothers of Charity - (@ 5 livres 12 sols per square toise)

(4) Strap hinges:

(a) Of 2 pieds of length, with their pintles (2 pairs @ 6 livres 8 sols per pair - 12 livres 16 sols)

(b) Of 1 pied 6 pouces of length, with their pintles (2 pairs @ 4 livres 16 sols per pair - 9 livres 12 sols)

(5) Common locks (2 @ 5 livres each - 10 livres)

(6) A [door] latch (1 @ 3 livres 4 sols - 3 livres 4 sols)

(7) [Repointed] the oven's furnace and hearth:

(a) 1/2 barrel of lime (4 livres)

(b) Sand (10 sols)

(8) Labour:

(a) Masons (2 days @ 3 livres per day - 6 livres)

(b) Helpers (1 day @ 1 livre 10 sols - 1 livre 10 sols) ⁽¹⁰²⁾

Once again, Chief Engineer Verrier turned his attention to the problem with the existing kitchen - that it was too small to serve the number of sick people, that 5 1/2 pieds of height from floor to ceiling joists was not sufficient, and that the room was too dark, being illuminated by only cellar lights (abatjours). Since he and Bigot, the Commissaire-Ordonnateur, agreed that a new [masonry] kitchen re-located in the [inner court]yard [attached to the existing Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west left aisle/left pavilion] would be [desirably] isolated, and also brighter inside, he had produced a 3,959 livres estimate and a plan (Map 1745-4), with construction proposed for 1745.⁽¹⁰³⁾ Nothing, however, came of this proposal, and the plans were permanently shelved.

Map 1745-4 did, however, illustrate the existing 1744 building in several interesting ways, some of which were problematic:

(1) It did not show any [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion kitchen cellar lights facing the inner courtyard

(a) Given that the exterior door and window as illustrated on maps 1726-1/1726-1a in its north wall still existed at this time, then the 1744 kitchen abatjours (lights) may have been set in its western Rue Dauphine wall.

(2) It illustrated a [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion terrace doorway with a 4 over 4 light transom set above the door

(3) It illustrated the roof of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion without dormers

(a) While maps 1726-1/1726-1a indicate at least one dormer, map 1750-1 shows none, while map 1752-10 shows two small ones

(b) In 1749, dormer sashes were constructed

(4) The chimney stacks of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion were of brick construction, with cut stone caps

(a) In 1738 brick fireplaces and/or chimney stacks were envisioned

(5) The roof of the [Rue d'Orléans west hospital] ward used purlins and a non-braced, [presumed king post roof system, set] upon a raised collar beam

(a) Maps 1725-8/1725-8a illustrates a braced king post system, with purlins, set upon a collar beam either embedded in the perimeter walls or placed upon a wall plate

(b) Maps 1726-1/1726-1a illustrates a non-braced king post system, with purlins, placed upon a wall plate

(c) Map ND-82 (1729) illustrates a non-braced king post system, with purlins, set upon a raised collar beam

(d) Map 1750-1 illustrates a braced king post system, with purlins, set upon a raised collar beam

(e) Between 1721 and 1724, roof king posts, wall plates, braces, collar beams, and purlins were installed in the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue d'Estrées east right aisle/right pavilion

(6) The ends of the ground floor and first storey flooring joists of the [Rue d'Orléans west hospital] were embedded in the perimeter walls

(a) Maps 1726-1/1726-1a, ND-82 (1729), and 1750-1 show embedded joist ends

(7) The ends of the attic flooring joists of the [Rue d'Orléans west hospital] ward were neither embedded in the perimeter walls nor placed upon a wall plate. Instead, structural iron hardware was inserted into a raised collar beam to strengthen it and to allow for an attic floor finished off with an upper surface of flooring boards or planks.

(a) Map 1726-1/1726-1a shows a wall plate with a upper surface of attic flooring

(b) Map Nd-82 (1729) shows a raised collar beam without a surface of attic flooring

(c) Map 1750-1 shows a raised collar beam without a surface of attic flooring

(d) The modifications of 1727 may reflect the change to a raised collar beam arrangement

(8) The rubble stone Rue Dauphine perimeter fence had a sloped cap of another material than rubble stone

(a) While map 1726-1/1726-1a illustrated a rubble stone cap, both maps 1745-4 and 1750-1 illustrate another material

(9) The roof finials of the [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion were apparently lead covered

(10) The corner terrace steps were of cut stone

(a) In 1749, the cut stone steps were re-established

(11) The henhouse has been added to the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie

(a) The henhouse was mentioned in 1738

(b) The masonry henhouse addition was illustrated on map 1750-1, though with different door and window arrangements

(12) The [Rue d'Orléans/Rue Dauphine west] left aisle/left pavilion and the [Rue Royalle west] pavilion housing the storehouse/stables/menagerie utilized cut stone surrounds for their doors, windows, and building corners

(a) Cut stone surrounds were described in 1726 and 1736

1. C11B, Volume 5, March 4, 1721, f. 324; B, Volume 44-2, March 5, 1721, f. 548; A3, Article 7, p. 97, March 5, 1721. See also: C11B, Volume 5, June 20, 1721, ff. 349-356 [f. 355]; F1A, Volume 22, June 21, 1721, ff. 84-85; B, Volume 45-2, May 12, 1722, pp. 1092-1097 (ff. 218-224); C11B, Volume 6, May 12, 1722, ff. 25-28; C11B, Volume 6, May 12, 1722, f. 21; B, Volume 45-2, May 12, 1722, pp. 925-929.

2. C11C, Volume 15, November 24, 1721, Pièce 206; C11B, Volume 5, December 7, 1721, ff. 148-155v; C11C, Volume 15, Pièce 210, March 24, 1722; C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, ff. 234, 240. See also: C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, f. 142.

3. C11B, Volume 5, December 7, 1721, ff. 148-148v, 150-151v, 153.

4. C11C, Volume 15, Pièce 210, March 24, 1722.

5. B, Volume 45-2, May 12, 1722, pp. 925-929; G1, Volume 466, Pièce 83, May 30, 1723; Map 1722-1; C11B, Volume 19, December 4, 1737, ff. 98-101; C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, f. 249; C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, f. 141; Map 1725-8; Map 1725-8a; Map 1726-1; Map 1726-1a.

6. C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, ff. 240v, 244-245v, 249; C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, ff. 130, 134v, 141.

7. C11A, Volume 126, Pièce 111, 1723; Map 1723-1.

8. C11B, Volume 7, October 1, 1725, ff. 311v-313v.

9. C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, f. 335; C11B, Volume 29, December 31, 1750, f. 294v; G2, Volume 178, January 8, 1724, ff. 369-370.

10. C11B, Volume 7, 1724, f. 166; C11B, Volume 7, November 17, 1724, ff. 136v; C11B, Volume 7, November 20, 1724, ff. 57-58; C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, ff. 233v, 240v; C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, ff. 124, 130v; Map 1726-1; Map 1726-1a.

11. C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, ff. 233v, 240v; C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, ff. 124, 130v.

12. B, Volume 47, May 9, 1724, p. 1243; C11B, Volume 7, [1724], f. 167; C11C, Volume 16, Pièce 6, 1724.

13. C11B, Volume 7, November 20, 1724, ff. 57-58.

14. C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, ff. 231-250v; C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, ff. 122-143. See also: C11B, Volume 8, [May 23, 1725], ff. 222-225.

15. Isabeau contract of 1719: Dix livres pour Chacune Toise Cube de la fouille de L'Excavation du fossé du Bastion et fondation du Corps de cazernes Terre et Roche, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 280.

16. Isabeau contract of 1719: Cent quarente livres pour Chacune Toise Cube de Mur en moeslon Tant Vuide que plain Le parement Brut Le Mortier Compose d'un tiers de Chaux et de deux Tiers de Sable tel quil Se trouvera dans le port de Louisbourg ...,C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 280v.

17. Isabeau contract of 1719: ... La pierre de Taille qui Sera placée dans led. mur Sera Toisée Comme le moeslon et il Sera en outre payé audit Isabeau Trois livres pour Chaque pied de lad. pierre de Taille de parement, C11B, Volume 4, p. 280v, March 7, 1719. See also: ... Prix des ouvrages qui estées obmis dans le marché du sieur Isabeau ... le pied ... quarré de pierre des taille venant de rochefort le Roy étant chargé du transport a cy ... offtrs du S^r ganet ... 3^# ... C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 225.

18. Isabeau contract of 1719 had actually specified fir: Quarente Cinq Sols pour Chacune Solive de Sapin mise en oeuvre, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 280v.

19. Isabeau contract of 1719 had actually specified fir: Dix sept livres pour Chacune Toise quarée de planchers de madriers de Sapin de Deux pouces d'Epaisseur chevillé de bois blanchy d'un Costé et emboufeté, Et Si le plancher de madriers est Cloué de Clouds de Cinq pouces au lieu d'estre Chevillé de bois il sera payé audit isabeau Trois Livres par Chacune toise de plus Ce qui fera Vingt Livres, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281v.

20. Isabeau contract of 1719: Quatorze livres pour Chacune Toise quarée de Cloisons de planches de sapin d'un pouce Blanchies des deux costés et emboufetés, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281v. However, later, when Ganet, the new fortification contractor, was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed he had substituted pine: la toise quarré de cloison de planches de pin d'un poulce d'Epaisseur blanchie des deux costés et Emboufetés á ... 14^# .... C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224.

21. Isabeau contract of 1719: Trente Six livres pour Chacune Toise quarée des portes des Escaliers a deux Venteaux de madriers de sapin de deux pouces emboitées par les deux bouts d'une traverse de Bois de chesne, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281v.

22. Isabeau contract of 1719: Trente Livres pour Chacune Toise quarée de Contrevents ou de portes pour les chambres de planches de sapin d'un pouce emboitées par les deux bouts de bois de chesne, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281v, However, later, when Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Ganet had proposed the following: ... la toise quarrée de contre vents ou portes po^ur les chambres de planche de pin d'une poulce d'Epoiseur Emboitées par les deux bouts de chesne á ... 25^# ... For the same doors - having apparently substituted pine boards in place of fir - Isabeau had been charging 30 livres while local carpenters were charging 25 livres. C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224.

23. Isabeau contract of 1719: Cinquante deux livres pour Chacune toise quarée de Croisées et dormants a Coulisses emboitées par la moitié de petit bois, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281v. Although the contract specifies double hung windows, subsequent documents clearly indicate that casement sashes were installed.

A 1726 a request for a supplementary contract also noted the following: ...15. toiser les chassit tant plain que viuide pour les verres Sur le pied de 24: Sols le pied quarré, Comme il et porté par le marché, ... le tant plain que viuide n'est que pour le petit bois Seulement cela peut fair Sur la longeur dun chassit 3: pouces de plus et 2: pouces Sur la largeur, ce n'est seulement que pour eviter beaucoup dembaras, ... C11B, Volume 8, November 12, 1726, f. 165.

24. Isabeau contract of 1719: Vingt quatre sols pour Chaque pied de Vitre quaré, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 282. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications, C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v. In 1726, concerning past and future work, a problem was identified: ...15. toiser les chassit tant plain que viuide pour les verres Sur le pied de 24: Sols le pied quarré, Comme il et porté par le marché, ... le tant plain que viuide n'est que pour le petit bois Seulement cela peut fair Sur la longeur dun chassit 3: pouces de plus et 2: pouces Sur la largeur, ce n'est seulement que pour eviter beaucoup dembaras, ... C11B, Volume 8, November 12, 1726, f. 165. On October 7, 1727, he received his supplementary contract, but no where is this point emphasized. C11B, Volume 9, October 7, 1727, ff.127-132.

25. Isabeau contract of 1719: Dix livres pour Chacune Toise quarée de Couverture de bardeau et lattes de chesne ou de Sapin ainsy quelles Se Trouveront, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 280v.

26. Isabeau contract of 1719: Cinq sols six deniers pour chacune Livre de gros fer mise en oeuvre, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281.

27. Isabeau contract of 1719: Six livres pour chacune paire de penture d'un pied et un demy de long avec leurs gonds, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications, C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v.

28. Isabeau contract of 1719: huit livres pour Chacune paire de pentures de deux pieds de long avec leurs gonds, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications, C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v.

29. Isabeau contract of 1719: quatre livres pour Chacune paire de pentures d'un pied de Long avec leurs gonds, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications, C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v.

30. Isabeau contract of 1719: quarente sols pour chacun Verouil sur plaque de six pouces, C11B, Volume 4,March 7, 1719, f. 281.When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications, C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v.

31. Although latches were not specifically mentioned in Isabeau's contract of 1719, and they were omitted in Ganet's contract of February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Ganet in 1726 that he had adhered to the same specifications as ... passé de mesme a isabeau ... a 4.^# chaque loquet ordinaire Comme Ceux ont esté passé aux portes des Casernes et Corps de garde du fort ... C11B, Volume 8, November 12, 1726, f. 165v. On October 7, 1727, he received a supplementary contract that described the latches as follows: 10. e ... Les Loquets, garnis seront d'un fer façonné, doux Liant, Solidement forgé, et posé avec soin afin que l'on puisse ouvrir et fermer les portes avec facilité, et Seront payez a la piece tout compris ... Chaque Loquet a quatre livres cy ... 4 ...C11B, Volume 9, October 7, 1727, ff. 128v, 131v.

32. Isabeau contract of 1719: huit livres pour chacune Serrure Bernarde de huit pouces de long Sur quatre de large a Tour et demy et pour chacune Serrure aussy Bernarde de sept pouces de Long, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications, C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224.

33. C11B, Volume 20, November 3, 1738, ff. 209, 210; B, Volume 48-2, May 1, 1725, p. 930; B, Volume 48, July 25, 1725, pp. 941-943.

34. C11B, Volume 7, November 13, 1725, ff. 325v; C11B, Volume 7, December 3, 1725, ff. 264-265; C11B, Volume 7, December 16, 1725, ff. 330; C11B, Volume 7, December 17, 1725, f. 194v.

35. F1A, Volume 25, December 10, 1725, f. 30.

36. IE, Volume 139, [1745], p. 235; Louis Effingham De Forest (editor), Louisbourg Journals 1745, (New York: The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of New York, 1932), "First Journal - Anonymous," October 17, 1745, pp. 50-51.

37. C11B, Volume 7, December 16, 1725, f. 330; C11B, Volume 7, December 16, 1725, f. 334.

38. B, Volume 49-2, May 28, 1726, f. 700; B, Volume 49-2, May 28, 1726, f. 701v; C11B, Volume 9, December 15, 1726, f. 207.

39. C11B, Volume 8, August 14, 1726, f. 89v; C11B, Volume 8, October 10, 1726, ff. 168-169; C11B, Volume 8, October 10, 1726, ff. 111v, 112v-113; C11B, Volume 8, November 28, 1726, f. 15; Map 1726-1; Map 1726-1a.

40. C11B, Volume 8, December 1, 1726, ff. 115-115v, 116v, 117v-118.

41. C11B, Volume 8, November 29, 1726, ff. 162 and 163; C11B, Volume 8, December 1, 1726, ff. 115-115v, 116v, 117v-118.

42. C11B, Volume 8, November 29, 1726, ff. 162 and 163; C11B, Volume 8, December 1, 1726, f. 72.

43. C11B, Volume 8, December 1, 1726, ff. 115-115v, 116v, 117v-118.

44. G1, Volume 466, Pièce 81, 1752, ff. 60-61; Sieur De La Roque, "Tour of Inspection Made By The Sieur De La Roque," (December 5, 1752) as translated in Report Concerning the Canadian Archives For The Year 1905, Volume 2 (1906), p. 37.

45. C11B, Volume 28, August 30, 1749, f. 319; C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, f. 334.

46. C11B, Volume 9, November 15, 1727, ff. 231 - 250; C11B, Volume 12, September 1, 1731, ff. 122-143.

47. B, Volume 50, June 10, 1727, f. 570v; B, Volume 50, June 10, 1727, ff. 586v-587v; C11B, Volume 10, November 12, 1727, f. 148. See also: C11B, Volume 20, November 3, 1738, ff. 209, 210.

48. C11B, Volume 9, September 13, 1727, ff. 50-50v.

49. C11B, Volume 10, June 27, 1728, ff. 126-127; C11B, Volume 9, November 17, 1727, f. 142; C11B, Volume 9, November 19, 1727, ff. 60-60v; C11B, Volume 8, November 20, 1727, ff. 157-158; C11B, Volume 9, November 24, 1727, f. 94; C11B, Volume 9, November 26, 1727, f. 32v.

50. C11B, Volume 27, [1727], f. 317v. See also: C11B, Volume 13, February 3, 1732, ff. 11-13; C11B, Volume 18, November 13, 1736, ff. 95-99; C11B, Volume 29, November 20, 1750, ff. 171-173v.

51. C11B, Volume 27, [1727], f. 317v.

52. C11B, Volume 18, December 14, 1736, ff. 133, 135v-136. See also: C11B, Volume 18, December 14, 1736, ff.137, 140.

53. C11B, Volume 9, November 17, 1727, f. 152.

54. B, Volume 52, June 20, 1728, f. 589v; B, Volume 52, June 23, 1728, f. 595; C11B, Volume 10, November 3, 1728, ff. 50v, 53; C11B, Volume 10, November 3, 1728, f. 82; C11B, Volume 10, November 13, 1728, ff. 134-134v.

55. C11B, Volume 10, November 22, 1728, f. 109v; C11B, Volume 10, June 27, 1728, ff. 126-127.

56. C11B, Volume 10, November 13, 1728, ff. 134-134v.

57. C11B, Volume 18, May 1, 1736, f. 181.

58. C11B, Volume 10, November 13, 1728, f. 141.

59. C11B, Volume 10, November 13, 1728, f. 142; ND-82.

60. C11B, Volume 10, August 31, 1729, f. 240v; C11B, Volume 10, December 18, 1729, ff. 243-243v.

61. C11B, Volume 18, May 1, 1736, ff. 181, 183.

62. C11B, Volume 20, November 3, 1738, ff. 209, 210.

63. C11B, Volume 11, March 26, 1730, ff. 81v-82.

64. Because cornices - among other items - were not mentioned in the Ganet general fortification contract of February 24, 1725 (now missing), he insisted upon a supplementary contract. In 1726, concerning past and future work, a problem was identified: ...a 3:^# le pied quarrée de menuserie en moulure d architecture, Comme Celle de la Corniche des pilliers de la Chapelle, en bois de pin et autres de mesme nature douvrage toisé au developement du cordeau, ... ce prist paroit un peu chere cela vient de la difficulté des ouvriers, que l'on a pas comme lon veu, et le tems et le bois qu'il y a emploié, il y en a plus de fait, quil ne sent fera, ... C11B, Volume 8, November 12, 1726, ff. 167-167v. On October 7, 1727, he received his supplementary contract: ... 24. Si Certains ouvrages Exigent quelques Corniches ou autres moulures repetées sur bois de sapin de meme Espece, on en donnera les profils Cette architecture sera mesurée au pied quarré developée au Cordeau ... Le pied Carré de corniches a deux Livres dix sols cy ... 2. 10... C11B, Volume 9, October 7, 1727, ff. 130, 132.

65. Because oak and birch architraves - among other items - were not mentioned in the Ganet general fortification contract of February 24, 1725 (now missing), he insisted upon a supplementary contract. In 1726, concerning past and future work, a problem was identified: ... 31 ... a 52:^# la toise quarré de menuserie pour les chambranle des portes quand les dits chambranle Seront fait en bois de chesne ou de merisie ... la fason de l'ouvrage et beaucoup de bois perdu, et la chereté, et difficulté de travailler ce bois, fait que le prist et tres modique ... C11B, Volume 8, November 12, 1726, f. 167. On October 7, 1727, he received his supplementary contract: 22. e ... Les Chambranles de bois de chesne ou de merisier pour portes seront bien assemblez avec un quart de rond entre deux fillets, bien chevillez et assemblez par leurs angles, et LEpaisseur du bois qu'on Employera sera d'un pouce et quart, payez a la toise quarré ... La toise quarrée de chambranles a cinquante deux livres cy ... 52 .. C11B, Volume 9, October 7, 1727, ff. 130, 132.

66. Ganet, tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), had proposed the following: ... la toise quarrée de contre vents ou portes po^ur les chambres de planche de pin d'une poulce d'Epoiseur Emboitées par les deux bouts de chesne á ... 25# ... For the same doors, Isabeau had been charging 30 livres while local carpenters were charging 25 livres. C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224.

67. Isabeau contract of 1719: quatre livres pour Chacune paire de pentures d'un pied de Long avec leurs gonds, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Isabeau's compared price revealed that he was still adhering to the same specifications: chaque paire de pentures d'un pied de long avec leur gonds á cy ... Ganet ... 4^# ... C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v.

68. Isabeau contract of 1719: huit livres pour Chacune paire de pentures de deux pieds de long avec leurs gonds, C11B, Volume 4, March 7, 1719, f. 281. When Ganet was tendering for his February 24, 1725, general contract (now missing), Ganet's offer revealed that he was adhering to the same specifications: la paire de pentures de deux pieds de long avec leurs gonds a ... 8^# ... C11B, Volume 8, May 23, 1725, f. 224v.

69. See also: C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, f. 331v.

70. F1A, Volume 29, 1730, May 8, 1730, f. 58.

71. B, Volume 54-2, June 20, 1730, f. 501; See also: B, Volume 54-2, June 20, 1730, ff. 501-501v, 502v.

72. C11B, Volume 11, October 15, 1731, ff. 92-93.

73. B, Volume 55-3, July 10, 1731, ff. 557-562 (pp. 687-698); C11B, Volume 11, July 20, 1730, f. 14v; C11B, Volume 11, November 30, 1730, ff. 99-100v; C11B, Volume 11, December 3, 1730, ff. 16-22; C11B, Volume 11, December 2, 1730, f. 75v.; See also: C11B, Volume 19, December 1, 1737, ff. 97-97v.

74. C11B, Volume 11, December 2, 1730, f. 75v.

75. C11B, Volume 15, January 10, 1734, f. 180.

76. C11B, Volume 12, November 11, 1730, f. 113.

77. C11B, Volume 12, November 29, 1731, ff. 104-109v.

78. C11B, Volume 18, May 1, 1736, ff. 181, 184-184v.

79. C11B, Volume 14, December 31, 1733, ff. 238-241v.

80. C11B, Volume 18, May 1, 1736, ff. 181, 186v.

81. C11B, Volume 15, January 10, 1734, f. 180.

82. C11B, Volume 18, May 1, 1736, ff. 181, 187v-188; G2, Volume 183, Bushel 25, Pièce 201, May 12, 1734.

83. C11B Volume 15, October 24, 1734, ff. 26-50. "Nous arpenteur à lisle Royalle certifions le present Etat des terrains concédées dans la ville de louisbourg veritables a Louisbourg le 24e 8bre 1734 . [signé] Vallée [contresigné :] "Veu, St Ovide de Brouillan Veu, Lenormant" 1734 Ile Royale M. de St Ovide, gouverneur et M. LeNormant, ordonnateur [See also for Confirmations: G1, Volume 466, Pièce 85, October 24, 1734] - Transcription: By Claude Desaulniers (January, 1997).

84. C11B Volume 15, October 24, 1734, f. 36v, "Nous arpenteur à lisle Royalle certifions le present Etat des terrains concédées dans la ville de louisbourg veritables a Louisbourg le 24e 8bre 1734 . [signé] Vallée [contresigné :] "Veu, St Ovide de Brouillan Veu, Lenormant" 1734 Ile Royale M. de St Ovide, gouverneur et M. LeNormant, ordonnateur [See also for Confirmations: G1, Volume 466, Pièce 85, October 24, 1734] - Transcription: By Claude Desaulniers (January, 1997); See also, G1, Volume 466, Pièce 85, October 24, 1734, ff. 2-41.

85. C11B, Volume 18, May 1, 1736, ff. 181, 190-190v.

86. G2, Volume 196, Dossier 89, June 1, 1736; G2, Volume 196, Dossier 89, July 1, 1736, p. 3; See also: C11B, Volume 19, December 4, 1737, ff. 98-101.

87. C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, ff. 330v, 333v.

88. C11B, Volume 20, November 3, 1738, ff. 209, 210; C11B, Volume 21, September 3, 1739, ff. 168-172v.

89. B, Volume 65, April 30, 1737, ff. 460-461; C11B, Volume 19, October 24, 1737, ff. 20-22v; C11B, Volume 19, December 4, 1737, ff. 98-101.

90. C11B, Volume 19, December 4, 1737, ff. 98-101. See also: C11B, Volume 20, January 2, 1738, ff. 222v-223.

91. C11B, Volume 20, January 2, 1738, ff. 222v-223.

92. B, Volume 66, May 6, 1738, ff. 295-295v (ff. 13-13v); C11B, Volume 20, October 24, 1738, ff. 70-70v; C11B, Volume 20, November 1, 1738, f. 228.

93. C11B, Volume 20, November 1, 1738, f. 228.

94. C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, f. 334.

95. C11B, Volume 21, August 2, 1739, f. 266v; C11B, Volume 21, September 3, 1739, ff. 170v-171, 172-172v; C11B, Volume 21, November 6, 1739, ff. 116-117; IE, Volume 131, October 26 1739, p. 143.

96. C11B, Volume 25, November 12, 1743, ff. 192-194.

97. C11B, Volume 21, August 2, 1739, f. 266v.

98. C11B, Volume 28, July 24, 1749, ff. 298, 300v-301.

99. C11B, Volume 22, January 20, 1740, ff. 141-141v; See also: IE, Volume 139, [1745], p. 235.

100. C11B, Volume 22, October 17, 1740, ff. 167-170; See also: B, Volume 71, February 21, 1740, f. 235.

101. Dépot des Fortifications, Order Number 201, October 30, 1744; C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, f. 330.

102. Dépot des Fortifications, Order Number 203, October 30, 1744.

103. Dépot des Fortifications, Order Number 209, November 18, 1744; Dépot des Fortifications, Order Number 204, November 4, 1744; Map 1745-4; C11B, Volume 28, December 31, 1749, ff. 330-333v.